Body Image Breaking The Stereotypes And Standards

Body Image: Breaking the Stereotypes and Standards There is a certain point in life that we become aware of our bodies and how others view them. The way we view our bodies, as individuals, can either help or hurt our self-esteem. Body image can be a very hard battle for anyone to fight; there is a tremendous amount of pressure put on mostly young women to match the â€Å"ideal† body type. What I want to know is, how can we overcome the stereotypes and standards set by the society we live in today? It is known that all throughout history there has been a set of standards regarding the way we should look. It is true that the standards have changed over the decades, but one thing remains and that is the pressure put upon us to fit the standards. Women especially feel this pressure, and this pressure can come from anywhere. Fitting in and not being made fun of or â€Å"body shamed† seem to be the most prominent reasons for succumbing to this type of peer-pressure. The effects of trying to achieve the ideal body type can be detrimental to ones self-esteem and health. Negative body image can cause severe medical conditions such as eating disorders. Amanda J. Holmstrom claims, â€Å"One prominent theory is that the media’s constant depiction of extremely thin women leads women to believe they should try to meet this ideal† (The Effects of the Media on Body Image: A Meta-Analysis 196). Some eating disorders include anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and even constant dieting or fad dieting andShow MoreRelatedGender Stereotypes And Objectification Of Women888 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscussing overarching themes, in particular, gender stereotypes and objectification of women. Then I will analyze the photos from an intersectionality perspective and its importance. In addition, I will self-reflect about how gender, sex, and sexuality influence my life and how my beliefs have been challenged over the semester. Finally, I will conclude my paper with ways, in which, we can make social change, so we can reduce gender stereotypes. Themes There were two major overarching themes thatRead MoreSlim Fast Offers False Hope to Young Girls674 Words   |  3 Pagesmay feel the need to compare how they look against the message being convened and perceive themselves as not measuring up to the standards. Thus, confirming some adolescents measure their self-esteem based on outer beauty not on inner beauty; how smart, nice, friendly or funny they are. As adolescents use the computers on a daily basis they are increasingly aware of body imagine trends and being bombarded by internet advertisement will have a direct effect on their decisions. Having said this, inexperiencedRead MoreEssay about Importance Of A Woman578 Words   |  3 Pagesthat emphasis women have instinctively been taught to measure their self-worth in terms of the image they present, even more so than their intelligence. They have been given rigid and challenging standards to live up to, standards that are usually unrealistic, unattainable, and disheartening. Ma ny women spend a large majority of their lives suffering trying to meet these standards. The ideal body image in this country today seems to be the long-haired 5’7†, 95 lb female found in every fashion magazineRead MoreBreaking Free of Stereotypes1152 Words   |  5 PagesIf you say you’ve never heard a stereotype about someone else or yourself, you’re either a liar or very oblivious. Stereotypes are simplified conceptions of a group, and they are literally everywhere. People often tend to assume that all Asians are geniuses, black people like watermelon and listen to rap, white girls crave Starbucks 24/7 and are always wearing leggings or yoga pants, the elderly don’t understand technology, and homosexual men are flamboyant and love fashion. No matter what race,Read MoreEssay on Breaking Down the Barriers to Feminist Art Work1630 Words   |  7 PagesBreaking Down the Barriers to Feminist Art Work Every time a girl reads a womanless history she learns she is worth less. While studying art history in Pre-Industrial Visual Cultures this semester, one theme has become painfully obvious. There are few if any women artists included in the study of art history. If you dig deep into the books you can find mention of many unknown, unrecognized and often times very talented women artists from the past. Women in history are simply notRead MoreChoreography, Dance, Ballet, And Calling Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagesinjuries result in not warming one s body up. Warming up a person s body is important because it can promote him/her to move freely. Other injuries derive from falling or inexperience with a dance move. To try and prevent an accident practice countless times before trying to perform this technique. An example of why warming up one s body and stretching is important because of breaking. Breaking is a dance move that makes the illusion of Breaking one s body through isolation and bending. WarmingRead MoreMedia, Youth And Culture : Application Of Theory1664 Words   |  7 Pagesaffiliated gender stereotype; which are created by social interactions – what a person sees and interprets in their world is what they believe and act accordingly to. The media has a very powerful effect on culture. Media has the ability to shape societal structures and operations. Dominant media forms (such as television and social media – the mediums) have assisted in the construction of gender roles and generalised norms. (Udel.edu) Advertising and media forms create stereotypes associated withRead MoreMedia Portrayal of Women and Its Effects1187 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout the century, the ideal image of a woman has changed drastically, which can be directly attributed to the powerful persuasion of media. This ideal image has transformed from a voluptuous, size 14, 1950’s Marilyn Monroe to a 5’9, 100 pound, 1990’s Kate Moss. The most shocking aspect is specifically what young girls are now doing to achieve this â€Å"Kate Moss† image. Through the utilization of advertisements and stars on the big screen, this female portrayal directly targets the physical andRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1444 Wo rds   |  6 Pagesmessage of the play by displaying personality traits outside the stereotypes. Torvald defines his life by what is acceptable and respectable within the constraints of society. He is more concerned about the attractive physical appearance of his wife and home than he is about his wife s happiness. He objectifies most aspects of his life. Even after he has rejected Nora, he wants her to retain her role in his household to preserve the image of a respectable marriage. This further emphasises Ibsen’s presentationRead MoreBlack Bodies And Its Effects On African American s Position As A Subordinate Class900 Words   |  4 PagesThis passage within Citizen is showing the reinforcing of deviance and racist ideals. Black bodies are described throughout beginning â€Å"My Brothers are notorious†. Revealing an unconscious notion that depicting blackness having a criminal reputation and immoral qualities. For instance, Rankine is presenting a metaphor showing how easily we have distinguished black bodies from other bodies: â€Å"On the tip of a tongue, on e note following another is another, another dawn where the pink sky is the bloodshot

The Adoption Of Knowledge Management Systems Essay

Adoption of Knowledge management systems as an IS /IT business strategy by SME’s in Kenya. Abstract In shaky, uncertain economies, small and medium enterprises often take the biggest blow in periods of slow or no business. When there are minimalistic orders, the impact is immediate as most of these firms don’t have a wide array of products compared to big firms. As a small organization, it’s always important to have a proper Information technology portfolio to help them carry out proper analysis and establish ways of retaining their clientele throughout their business periods. SME’s need a clearly laid out plan to how it plans to adopt and use technologies such as knowledge management systems throughout its existence if they are to compete with the large organizations as small organizations are known to operate without structures and have adopted informal business processes to manage knowledge. In Kenya, SME’s are vital as they employ more than 87% of the labor force that contribute 18.4% of the National Gross Domestic product (GDP). (GOK, 2009).However, their existence in the Kenyan economy has not been without fair challenges that inhibit their growth, potential and offer them an average lifespan of five or less years in existence. The purpose of this document to provide a review on this topic with the aim of finding out how small enterprises stand to benefit from Knowledge Management systems such as C.R.M systems having been well designed and carried on toShow MoreRelatedReasons for Management Control Systems Adoption1286 Words   |  6 PagesReasons for Management Control Systems Adoption 1 Reasons for Management Control Systems Adoption Insights from Product Development Systems Choice by Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Companies Claudia Fernandez Management Control Systems FE2510, Autumn - Period 1 Professor Eva Wittbom Blekinge Tekniska Hà ¶gskola September 26th, 2010 Reasons for Management Control Systems Adoption INTRODUCTION 2 Through the past few years, and due to different theoretical and empirical studies performedRead MoreOrganizational And Process Change Management1063 Words   |  5 PagesOrganizational and Process Change Change management is a primary concern of many organizations involved in ERP project implementation. Alpha Enterprises must identify change management, in terms of adopting an ERP system, as activities, processes, and methodologies that support employee understanding and organizational shifts during the implementation of the new ERP system and reengineering initiatives. Change management is a process that helps the management for the implementation of appropriate plannedRead MoreInformation Security In Zanziabar Public Sector1465 Words   |  6 Pagespublic sector† (Shaaban, et al., 2012). Most of these challenges are partly attributed to lack of proper budgeting for ICT infrastructures, cultural gap awareness, political instability, trust, business continuity plan, and inadequate human resource management to effectively manage this technology (Dada, 2006). The application of e-government in corporate governance to improve efficiency and effectiveness of the public sector agencies and delivery of services to the users has increased extensively,Read MoreStrategic Information Management807 Words   |  4 Pagesimpact of management information on decision making; LO2: Be able to understand the importance of information sharing within the organisation; LO3: Be able use information to inform and support strategic decision making; and LO4: Be able to monitor and review management information. In order to achieve these learning objectives, the writer has drawn upon from his practical work experience as a practicing facility manager, research through various sources in the field of information management and technologyRead MoreAutomation Of Health Care : The Heart Of The Hippocratic Oath1420 Words   |  6 Pagesbeen slow to embrace electronic systems which are capable of improving patient outcomes and lowering the cost of conducting business . Automation of information includes computerized physician prescription, computerized physician order entry, electronic medical records, electronic alerts, automated decision support, and electronic capture of clinical data that enables service quality improvement. With automation comes a new level of challenges surrounding adoption, security, training and integrationRead MoreRole Of Procurement And Supply Chain Management Essay1646 Words   |  7 PagesRole of Standards in Procurement and Supply Chain Management Procurement and supply chain are two critical aspects of organizational performance. Stiff competition in the market has called for the need for companies to strive towards streamlining their operations to meet the unique demands of their clients. One important path that has been pursued by a number of companies is the adoption of acceptable standards of operations in their procurement and supply chain. The mechanics of purchasing and allRead MoreInformation Technology And Its Impact On The Workplace1206 Words   |  5 PagesFirms can harness the information generated from these sources by instituting knowledge management platforms. To leverage this technology, firms have to make sure that their employees fully adopt a knowledge sharing culture. When instituting these systems, information technology officers follow a general deployment structure customized to their firm’s needs. The Knowledge Management Solution Without knowledge management, firm staff members exhaust their energy solving the same problems for differentRead MoreImportance Of Small And Medium Enterprises Essay1442 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Æ' I. Introduction The globally increasing demand of IT and its adoptions proves its high impact on our life be it economical, social, professional or even if personal. Because IT offers innumerous number of benefits, it is very important to adapt IT in every fields specially Small and Medium Business(SMB). Small Business and mid-size business plays vital role in the progress of country. These small and Medium Enterprises (SME) gives significant contribution to economical growth and sound supportRead MoreExecutive Summary of High Performance Working Essay1020 Words   |  5 PagesHigh Performance Working Executive Summary HPW systems are crucial to success, yet organizations often struggle to understand how to implement them. Although there is a widespread recognition in the academic literature that strategic alignment of bundles of HPW practices is key, what actually happens within organizations does not always reflect this. Case studies are an obvious means to understand in real-life the adoption of HPW, and explore what influences the beliefs and actions of managersRead MoreHardware and Project Considerations When Implementing a New CRM System1638 Words   |  7 PagesConsiderations When Implementing A New CRM System The most effective Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems are deliberately designed to align and enhance the strategic initiatives and programs of a given business or enterprise. They must take into account customer preferences, needs and wants as well, and strive to create a foundation of shared information and insight over time There are a myriad of studies that show how effective CRM systems are in transforming businesses and making them

The Main Causes Of War Essay Research free essay sample

The Main Causes Of War Essay, Research Paper Wars are invariably being fought in the universe. Bloodshed had taken topographic point as top leaders ponder their every move in their game of triumphs and conquerings. Behind each and every war that has taken topographic point, there will ever be a ground for it. The most prevailing causes are greed and lifting aspirations. Greed is congenital and present in the character of every human being. Hence we can see unscrupulous leaders, at the disbursal of the people, go to wars as a consequence of their quest for power and territorial additions. One illustration will be the recent internal discord in Angola, Africa. Foday Sankoh exploited the state # 8217 ; s natural resources # 8212 ; diamonds for his personal wealth, which resulted in the deceases of many guiltless parties. World War II was besides started by Hitler # 8217 ; s lifting demands for territorial additions, suppressing provinces after provinces. We will write a custom essay sample on The Main Causes Of War Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hence wars that were fought for personal additions are the most common. The World Trade Organisation ( WTO ) can step in here. In face of such unscrupulous leaders, the states in the administration can halt trading with them and put an international boycott on such states. For illustration, Iraq was slapped with an international boycott whereby states such as Britian, France and America refused to purchase oil ffom them during the invasion of Kuwait in the 1890ss. Next the battle for basic human rights is besides one of the chief grounds as to why wars were fought. In some states, citizens do non bask equal rights. Widespread favoritism of minority can easy trip wars. Peoples may be denied of basic rights such as lodging, instruction and chances of employment. Hence rebellions may happen. One illustration will be the struggle in Sri Lanka. The Tamil Tigers fight for the rights of the people and purpose for a state whereby each and every citizen is given equal human rights. Peace negotiations could be held to settle the differences. The authorities can besides step in and give equal intervention to the citizens within the state. The people can be educated to handle everyone as their peers. Punishment can be meted out to wrongdoers who discriminate the minority. The following chief ground of wars is cultural differences present within a state. Intolerance towards a peculiar race could ensue in wars, particularly so if one peculiar cultural group is rich while the remainder live in poorness. Jealously breeds rapidly in such fortunes. To exemplify this point, cultural differences between the Serbs and Bosnians was one of the grounds why the Bosnian War was started. Cultural cleansing torn the state apart and lives of many were lost. Tolerance will hold to be preached within the state to forestall such cases from go oning once more. The people could be taught about each other # 8217 ; s race and the differences between each cultural group can be closed. Open mindedness and exposure are cardinal factors to control such incidents. Stairss have to be taken by the authorities to alter the people # 8217 ; s mindset that each race is equal. Merely so can the state move towards a common land. For illustration, Singapore was one time plagued by racial public violences. Education of the assorted races populating in the state was introduced. This helped to settle the differences between the assorted community groups and hence kerb racial public violences. One of the chief grounds of wars will be spiritual difference nowadays within a state. In tolerance towards a peculiar faith can trip off wars. More frequently than non, a peculiar spiritual group of people may see themselves to be superior to the remainder. Such haughtiness can be lifelessly. To stress the point above, the recent struggle between Catholics and Protestants will be one illustration. Catholics, being the minority in Northern Ireland, were oppressed and prosecuted. Hence, they were forced to turn to the Irish Republican Army for protection. Hence, besides different political bases, the war between IRA and the British authorities was fought besides due to spiritual differences. Once once more, tolerance towards a peculiar faith has to be practised. Singapore consists of really diverse civilization and spiritual patterns. In the state, one can see different topographic points of worship and in add-on, everyone in Singapore celebrates spiritual vacations. This is one good illustration whereby people of different beliefs systems are able to acquire along with each other in harmoniousness. In decision, wars are fought for many assorted grounds. Equally long as human existences exist, wars will go on to be fought. Controversial issues as mentioned above can non be resolved easy and therefore struggles will still originate as states continue to revolutionize and alter.

The Harpsichord free essay sample

In modern day America, most know what a piano is, regardless of whether or not they can play one. Many people with little interest in music know piano musicians by the names of Ludwig Van Beethoven, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and even Frederic Chopin. Many people also believe Johann Sebastian Bach played piano, but that simply isn’t true. Bach, a composer of the Baroque/Renaissance period, played the father instrument of the piano, the harpsichord. Harpsichords are just as important as pianos because without harpsichords, we wouldn’t have music’s signature instrument to enjoy. Harpsichords made their first appearance in the Renaissance and Baroque periods of music. The earliest known reference to a harpsichord dates from 1397 when, â€Å"A jurist in Padua wrote that a certain Hermann Poll claimed to have invented an instrument called the clavicembalum,’† (â€Å"A Brief History†). Harpsichords are typically considered a string instrument, as the strings are plucked by plectrum, which are small pieces of plastic used to pluck strings on various instruments. We will write a custom essay sample on The Harpsichord or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A pick for a guitar is also a plectrum. Both harpsichords and pianos perform their functions when the keys are pressed. The Harpsichord was a favorite of the famous composer Johann Sebastian Bach, despite the invention of the piano when he was fifteen. He wrote many famous pieces for harpsichord, and is hailed by musicians as a musical genius.Bach has become one of the most famous composers of all time, all by playing brass and harpsichord. Bach even has a famous instrument company dedicated to him after his death(â€Å"J.S.Bach†). Despite being famous, his fame has not carried the harpsichord with him for various reasons. One reason the harpsichord failed to stay in fame was while the harpsichord did have its own advantage of being relatively easy for musicians to understand, it lacked one important thing. Harpsichords were only capable of one single dynamic. â€Å"Dynamics are the levels of sound, loud or soft, in a piece of music† (â€Å"Dynamics†).For an idea of how important dynamics are, think about your favorite song. Say this song has a bassist, a drummer, a guitarist, and a singer. Typically, the focus of these kinds of songs is the singer, and sometimes the guitarist playing a melody or a solo. If you really listen to your music, the main focus is louder than the other parts to the music, say, the bassist and the drummer. If they were all the same dynamic, they would sound boring, and there would be no specific focus. The harpsichord only had one dynamic, so rather than having one part loud and melodic, and one part soft and supportive, the harpsichord could only be played at o ne level of volume. Musicians have a natural affinity for always wanting to find something bigger, better, and prettier. Because of this, the pianoforte was born. As lovely sounding as harpsichords are, the lack of dynamics poses a problem. Eventually, a musician named Bartolomeo Cristofori, found a solution to this issue in 1700. Bartolomeo was a harpsichord repairman who invented the first piano, then called a pianoforte. (â€Å"The Piano†). The piano was called this because of its ability to play both piano, soft, and forte, loud. This occured almost 303 years after the invention of the harpsichord. This brings to question how they were ever different instruments in the first place. The answer is in how the sound is produced by the two. Though they look extremely similar, pianos and harpsichords produce sound differently. Sound is produced by frequencies in vibration, and while both instruments are capable of producing the sound, the piano is both a string and percussive instrument using small hammers hitting the inner strings to play, and dampers to quiet them down when the key is no longer pressed. Because the force of the hit could be controlled by how hard the keys were pushed, this fixed the dynamics and gave musicians more choice on how to present their pieces. Each feature of the piano is based on either a piece of the harpsichord, or made to make up for an aspect the Harpsichord lacked. Something important to think about when comparing harpsichords and pianos is how the changes made by Bartolomeo affected the playing aspect of the instruments. When the keys of the harpsichord are pressed, a musician can feel the pressure of the plectrum on the string. Once the plectrum plucks it, the pressure is released and the key finally goes all the way down. This makes the playing a bit clunky. On a Piano, the hammer/damper mechanism never has any pressure build up to perform its functions, making the keys press easily and creating a much smoother movement as the musician plays. While Bach and his harpsichord pieces were lovely, one amazing man came 60 years later with just as stunning pieces on the piano. Frederic Chopin was a very famous composer focused solely on the piano. â€Å"Considered Polands greatest composer, Frederic Chopin focused his efforts on piano composition and was a strong influence on composers who followed him.† (Frederic Chopin). While Frederic wasn’t as famous as Mozart or good ol’ Beethoven, he widely contributed to making the piano popular. However, He would have never been a famous piano player if the harpsichord had never been invented, and afterwards, the piano. In conclusion, no matter how lovely the piano is, it would have never been around if it wasn’t for the original keyboard creation, the harpsichord. Not only did harpsichords come before pianos, but pianos were structurally based off of the original harpsichords. Next time you hear about a harpsichord, just remember how historically important it is for musicians everywhere. If you get the chance to play it, definitely give it a go, because it’s pretty awesome to touch a piece of history.

Free Essays on Courage to Exceed Ourselves

The Courage to Exceed Ourselves If you give a child a book but do not teach them to read will the child understand the story? If only half of a lesson is presented to a child, the full picture is unattainable. There are many personality types and a varity of role models available to children today, to choose right from wrong is often difficult. In our society there are adults who are blind of the truth by choice, they take only the facts that are attractive to them and form a canon or belief that is not justified. Then, pass along their opinions to the children in their midst as if it were truth. Most religions, governments, and families are attempting to achieve, on a basic level, the same goal, but are using to many different approaches. This behavior can be observed throughout time in any country from daily family life to government policies, laws, and in the separation of religious beliefs or practices. For example: a child born to a Mormon family raised with heavy influence by the church could have easily been born into a Catholic family and raised within the influence of the Catholic beliefs. When the Mormon child grows to an adult and stands within their church, can a Catholic or any other person of different religious beliefs honestly chastize them for following and abiding by the standards of life they were taught? We instill fear of the world outside of the familiar into to our children from the day they are born. In every individual home there is a history to learn from. Often those histories are not all laid before the child. This creates only a partial picture for the child to learn values and make decisions from and with this try to understand the past that follows them to the future. We teach our children not to talk to stangers, to take a stand for what they believe in, and to be cautious of the unknown. Then we push them out into the unknown and hope they will find a way to improve the world we have mad... Free Essays on Courage to Exceed Ourselves Free Essays on Courage to Exceed Ourselves The Courage to Exceed Ourselves If you give a child a book but do not teach them to read will the child understand the story? If only half of a lesson is presented to a child, the full picture is unattainable. There are many personality types and a varity of role models available to children today, to choose right from wrong is often difficult. In our society there are adults who are blind of the truth by choice, they take only the facts that are attractive to them and form a canon or belief that is not justified. Then, pass along their opinions to the children in their midst as if it were truth. Most religions, governments, and families are attempting to achieve, on a basic level, the same goal, but are using to many different approaches. This behavior can be observed throughout time in any country from daily family life to government policies, laws, and in the separation of religious beliefs or practices. For example: a child born to a Mormon family raised with heavy influence by the church could have easily been born into a Catholic family and raised within the influence of the Catholic beliefs. When the Mormon child grows to an adult and stands within their church, can a Catholic or any other person of different religious beliefs honestly chastize them for following and abiding by the standards of life they were taught? We instill fear of the world outside of the familiar into to our children from the day they are born. In every individual home there is a history to learn from. Often those histories are not all laid before the child. This creates only a partial picture for the child to learn values and make decisions from and with this try to understand the past that follows them to the future. We teach our children not to talk to stangers, to take a stand for what they believe in, and to be cautious of the unknown. Then we push them out into the unknown and hope they will find a way to improve the world we have mad...

Exploring Domestic Abuse in the US

Exploring Domestic Abuse in the US Over the past 25 years, the National Institute of Justice has worked to educate the public and policymakers about the widespread problem of domestic violence in the US. Because of the increased exposure, there has been more public awareness and policies and laws have been instituted, resulting in a decrease of 30% in domestic abuse. In an effort to learn more about domestic violence and the effect of the policies designed to help combat it, the NIJ has sponsored a series of studies over the years. Conclusions of the Studies The results of the research have been two-fold, by first identifying the top causes and risk factors surrounding domestic violence and then by taking an in-depth look at how and if the policies designed to combat it are actually helping. As a result of the research it was determined that some of the policies, such as removing firearms in homes where there is domestic violence, offering increased assistance and counseling to the victims, and prosecuting the violent abusers, have helped women get away from violent partners and decreased the number of domestic violence incidents over the years. What was also revealed was that some of the policies may not be working and in fact, could be detrimental to the victims. Intervention, for example, sometimes has an adverse effect and can actually endanger the victims because of an increase in retaliatory behavior by the abusers. It was also determined that those domestic abusers who are considered to be chronically aggressive will continue to be abusive no matter what type of intervention is given including arrest. By identifying the major risk factors and causes of domestic violence, the NIJ can focus their efforts where it most needed and modify policies that are found to be ineffective or detrimental. Major Risk Factors and Causes of Domestic Violence Researchers found that the following situations either put people at greater risk of being a victim of intimate partner violence  or were the actual causes of domestic violence. Early Parenthood Women who became mothers at the age of 21 or under are twice more likely to become victims of domestic violence than women who became mothers at an older age. Men who have fathered children by age 21 were more than three times as likely to be abusers as men who were not fathers at that age. Because of this link to abuse, it is estimated that 1 in 15 children is exposed to domestic abuse at home. Problem Drinkers Males who have severe drinking problems are at a greater risk for lethal and violent domestic behavior. More than two-thirds of the offenders who commit or attempt homicide used alcohol, drugs, or both during the incident. Less than one-fourth of the victims used alcohol and/or drugs. Severe Poverty Severe poverty and the stress that comes with it increase the risk of domestic violence. According to studies, households with less income have higher incidents of domestic violence reported. In addition, the reductions in aid to families with children are also associated with an increase in domestic violence. Unemployment Domestic violence has been linked to unemployment in two major ways. One study found that women who are victims of domestic violence have a more difficult time finding employment. Another study found that women who receive aid for themselves and their children were less stable in their jobs. Mental and Emotional Distress Women who experience severe domestic violence face overwhelming mental and emotional distress. Almost half of the women suffer from major depression, 24% suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder, and 31% from anxiety. No Warning A womans attempt to leave their partner was the number one factor in 45% of the women murdered by their partners. One in five women killed or severely injured by their partner had no warning. The fatal or life-threatening incident was the first physical violence they had experienced from their partner. How Widespread Is Domestic Violence? Statistics from select studies sponsored by the National Institute of Justice shows how large a problem domestic violence is in the US. Every year approximately 1.3 million women and 835,000 men are physically assaulted by their partners.Women are significantly more likely than men to be injured during an intimate partner assault (39 percent compared with 24.8 percent).Out of all women murdered in the US each year, 40-50% were murdered by their intimate partners. In 70-80% of the homicides that occurred during incidents of domestic violence, no matter which partner was killed, the man physically abused the woman before the murder.Sexual assault or forced sex occurs in approximately 40-45% of the relationships where there is domestic abuse.Among those surveyed, the lifetime occurrence of domestic violence for women age 18 and older was nearly 25% and 7.6% for men. In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began the National Intimate and Sexual Violence Surveillance program to gather and distribute additional information for each state about the frequency of domestic violence, sexual violence, and stalking. The results of a 2010 survey conducted by the NISVS showed that on average, 24 people per minute are victims of rape, physical violence, or stalking by an intimate partner in the US. Annually that equals more than 12 million women and men. These findings emphasize the need for continued work in the development of strategies for prevention and in bringing effective help to those in need.

Interaction design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Interaction design - Assignment Example levant parts of the system are visible by use of suitable affordances that include; buttons, links, dropdown arrows, mouse cursor and highlight on mouse over. The scrollbars provide moving up and down affordances while the icons provide clicking on affordances (Rogers 115). Feedback implies sending information back to the user about what has been done like highlighting and animation and combinations of these. When login button is clicked on a â€Å"depressed† look is evident .Also constraints provide users with a range of usage possibilities e.g. Date time picker for birthday date. Efficiency on the other hand is evident in status updates and comments. When users write comments and post updates, the feed is immediately brought up to date. As a result the users get the feeling similar to natural result of typing. Facebook responsiveness truly encourages interaction among pals. Facebook has personalisation options that allow users to personalise pages and manage different features of their accounts. This flexibility attracts greater attention from the users and gives a more delighting user experience. Facebook tabbed chat feature gives users firmer sense of control and organization over their chatting actions. This feature also allows the users to perform more  than one task at the same time and use other Facebook features while chatting. Locus of attention is predominant in Windows with a darkened background. Upon selecting a picture a modal window with a dark background opens. The system is designed to block all the contents in the background, by doing this the users attention is drawn to the picture. The overall effect is to enable the user to view and interact with the picture with little effort. Errors and error recovery mechanism is proper. This help users recognize and diagnose errors. The place for displaying error messages is at the centre and is highlighted to get the users attention. The Error messages indicate what went wrong, where, and what the

MBA Strategy of Ducati Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MBA Strategy of Ducati - Case Study Example Following its 1996 liquidity crisis, Ducati, an Italian manufacturer of high-performance motorcycles, took several initiatives, under the guidance and leadership of Federico Minoli whose main aim was to strengthen the company’s brand by turning Ducati into a global brand that appealed not only to â€Å"extreme† customers but also to a broader spectrum of customers, enhance its portfolio by venturing into several new market segments and increase and expand its sales and profitability. Ducati faced severe competition from the Japanese manufacturers such as BMW, KTM, Honda, Suzuki, Kawasaki and Yamaha in all the three major segments. Thus, in order to broaden its spectrum of revenue sources, Ducati, in 1997, entered into the business of accessories and apparels by acquiring a stake in Gio.ca.Moto; a company that was already producing a line of accessories for Ducati, this contributed to 16.6% of its total revenues in the year 2000. Ducati’s strategic decision of out sourcing it's production and logistic spare parts translated in greater availability of parts and improved distribution channels, while the decision of revising its pricing policy led to a phenomenal increase in the contribution of spare parts to total revenues. As of 2001, the company’s outsourcing has grown to approximately 87% with the company planning to take it even higher to almost 90%. Due to the standardization of its products, Ducati was touted as one of the most efficient manufacturers in the industry, despite its relatively low volumes in 2001 as shown in the table below: The apparel and accessories business had grown consistently following the entry of Ducati in this line of business, and thus had only one strong contender – Harley Davidson. In 2001, the company launched two basic models – 996 and 748, each in 3 different versions. This contributed to almost 43% of the company’s total revenues, the key competitors being targeted under this segment were – Yamaha, Suzuki, and Honda.     Ã‚  

High School Girls Essay Example for Free

High School Girls Essay 1. In my High School, the experience was somewhat different. In the article it says that the boys stared at the girls passing and rated the different parts of their body from one to ten. In my high school days, the boys striped us with their eyes and we felt that they can see inside our clothes. They also made lewd comments. 2. We felt harassed and humiliated and degraded as Rachel and her friends felt. It used to make me very angry but my friends never let me retort as these boys were ‘bad boys’. We were frightened of them. 3. We were taught in home as well in school to keep away from these kinds of boys. As a result the girls rarely talked about the issue. Even if we spoke about it, we never thought of taking actions against the boys who harassed us. 4. Individually sometimes one girl would retort for misbehaving with her. One of the girls in our class once turned back and told the boy who was teasing her to stop it or else she will the principal. 5. Rachel and the other girls taught those boys a lesson. The girls in my school never thought of taking action against the boys. It was very difficult to convince the girls to take action in a group. The common advice was to ignore them. 6. The boys who teased us were the lot who did not study in school. They had all kind of bad habits like smoking, taking alcohol and drugs and they were of rich families. They were notorious. The girls in my school were too scared of these boys to take any sort of action against them. 7. The teachers in my school did not approve of this kind of behavior. There were some strict teachers in our school, those boys stood clear of their path. If any teacher saw them behaving in this manner, they would complain to the principal, who would punish them heavily. 8. The other boys in the school did not confront them as this would lead to fighting and abusing. They did not tell their peers as they did not want to get involved. 9. I think that school teachers and administrators can stop this kind of thing from happening in school in two ways. First, they can make the girls aware of eve-teasing and the result of keeping silent. They should be made aware of the fact that keeping silent is not the solution. It only increases and do not end it. Second, the school authorities should warn those boys that they will be heavily punished and even rusticated if they continue such behavior. Summary: In the article, the boys of high school during lunch time harass the girls but staring and rating different parts of their boy from one to ten. One girl among them, whose name was Rachel also faces similar situation in spite of friendly with them. She feels very humiliate and degraded by the action. She along with other girls plans and teaches them a lesson. They sit in the same bench, rate them and grab them as they used to do. After the episode, those boys stop harassing them.

The Red Convertible Essay -- essays papers

The Red Convertible Vanished Brotherhood In the short story â€Å"The Red Convertible† you will find some important elements that are integral to the support and development of the theme brotherhood. First, you will see how the road trip gives a lesson in the story. Second, you will discover how the war affected the relationship of Lyman and Henry. Finally, you will understand the symbolism of the red convertible and the link it has between both brothers. One important element that has a powerful lesson in the story is the road trip. While Lyman and Henry went on a drive one afternoon, they met a girl named Susy in the middle of the road. Susy had her hair in buns around her ears and was very short. They let her jump in the car and they take her to Alaska, where she lives. They stood in Alaska for a while and the night before they went back home, Susy stood up on a chair and unclipped her hair, and it reached to the ground. They were both astonished when they saw her hair. Not only because it was very long, but perh aps because they never seen her hair from that perspective, â€Å"You couldn’t tell how much hair she had when it’s rolled up so neatly†. The moral of that scene was that even if we see things one way, there is always a different perspective to see it. Even the relationship that anyone can have with someone else can be seen in different perspectives. Another important element in the story is the effect that the war brought between both brothers. Henry is drafted to Vietnam as a soldier and when he returns from the war, he is nothing like his old self. As Lyman says laconically, â€Å"the changes in him from the war were no good.† Here you see that the effect of the war was negative. Lyman describes Henry as â€Å"quiet; he d... ...n on all the road signs, and he ultimately chooses to drown in â€Å"the Red River†. As you can see, Lyman is inventive, clever, and hard working but he cannot, eventually, help Henry overcome his damage from Vietnam. Lyman attempts to bring Henry back to spiritual life by the connective link they share in owning a shiny red Olds convertible together, but Henry’s hopes and dreams slowly fade out. As for Lyman, he destroys the car in the end because it no longer represents success and good times to him. Instead, it represents the white world, which has destroyed Henry. He recognizes the big sacrifice that Henry has made for him on behalf of the white culture, â€Å" He bought out my share†. By submerging the car beneath the water he completely disconnects himself from the white culture and confirms his status as a Native American when he says, â€Å"Lyman walks everywhere he goes†.

Changing Rights and Freedoms of Aboriginal People

Since the European invasion in 1788, Aboriginals have been treated poorly by the Australian government and have struggled to retain their rights and freedoms. Conflict emerged as the British colony expanded and Aboriginal land was taken from them. Due to conflict between the Aborigines and the British settlers, they were treated poorly and were refused rights and freedom. They were at risk under unfair industrial relations processes where they were not awarded equal pay, poor access to housing and reasonable living conditions, and on-going discrimination in Australian society. Overtime, aborigines contested leading to the change unequal government policies allowing them to obtain land rights, the reconciliation after issue with the stolen generation and the 1967 referendum which resulted with the inclusion of aborigines in the Australian constitution. There were many changes in the government policies overtime from initially being paternalistic to reconciliation. â€Å"Protection† was the first policy introduced relating to Indigenous people. It started due to the reduction in the Aboriginal population, and a growing consciousness of the general mistreatment of Aboriginal people. While this policy of protection commenced from 1869 to 1937, many civil rights of the aborigines were negated by the government. The Government were in control of the movement of Aboriginal people, leisure and sporting activities, work, earnings and possessions of Aboriginal people and marriages and family life. Continuing difficulties and criticisms of the treatment of Aboriginal people lead to the policy of â€Å"Assimilation† being introduced. In 1937 the commonwealth Government held a national conference on Aboriginal affairs. According to this new policy of ‘assimilation’, Aboriginal people would lose their identity but have their ‘status’ raised. The Assimilation Policy meant that the Aboriginal people were forced to stop the practices of their culture and adopt the culture and lifestyle of the white Australians, or the ‘majority'. Discrimination continued against the aboriginals and racism continued to spread, resulting in the eventual end of this policy in 1965. After the failure of the assimilation policy, the Commonwealth Government announced its policy of â€Å"Integration† in 1965 and then did little towards it. The policy meant that Indigenous Australians would be able to voice and openly celebrate their cultural differences. Aboriginal people are supposed to have more control over their life and society. The introduction of the policy self-determination was followed not long after. This was a policy of facilitating Indigenous people’s involvement in decision making for and management of their community. With this policy many aboriginal organisations developed to assist Aboriginal people to acquire land, to engage in business enterprises and to obtain finance for housing and other personal needs. On 2 September 1991, the federal Parliament unanimously passed the Council for â€Å"Reconciliation† Act. The Act established the 25-member Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation. The Council lobbied for recognition of customary law, self-government for Indigenous Australians, compensation for past injustices, a settlement of native title issues and recognition within the Constitution of Indigenous people’s rights. Reconciliation awaits the achievement of justice with regard to Indigenous land rights and to equity with other Australians in health, living conditions, education and employment. It was the final step towards improving equality within Australian society. The Indigenous Australian children known as the â€Å"Stolen Generations† were the result from a policy introduced in 1901. It was a dark time in Australian history where aboriginals were denied their rights and freedoms. This policy allowed children of Indigenous Australian and European descent to be removed from their families by the Australian Federal and State government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. This act was seen as an act of protection of Indigenous Australian children. These children were known as the stolen generations. The forced removal of Indigenous Australian children from their families was an official government policy designed to ‘assimilate’ or ‘breed out’ Indigenous people. It was estimated that 100,000 Indigenous Australian children were taken from their families and raised in homes or adopted by white families, up until the 1960s. Many of these children suffered abuse in their adoptive or foster homes and was not allowed to complain. Not only that the abduction was traumatic for the children, but also for the families, they were too, physically, psychologically and emotionally harmed. And by the late 1980’s, many of these children from the stolen generation lost their links with family and land, lost their understanding of kinship and missed out on being educated in the language, culture and traditions of their people. Many cultural and spiritual ties were crippled not only for the individuals, but families and even the whole communities. Change of rights and freedoms of Indigenous Australians was said to be the influence of the 1967 referendum. It was a vote that approved two amendments to the Australian constitution relating to Indigenous Australians. The 1967 Referendum proposed to include Aboriginal people in the census and to allow the Commonwealth government to make laws to improve rights and freedoms for Aboriginal people. On 27 May 1967, 90. 77% of Australian voters recorded the largest ever ‘Yes’ vote in a referendum to alter the Australian constitution. This referendum finally enabled Aboriginal people to be counted in the national census and to be subject to Commonwealth laws, rather than just state laws. On 10 August 1967 the act changing the Constitution became law in Australia. The Aboriginals worked hard and protested to achieve this, but many were disappointed prior to the 1967 referendum, not much changed for them and did not reduce the inequality. The referendum did not carry out their commitments in improving health, housing, employment and education for the Indigenous people. Though it was not as effective as it was thought to be, it was a large contribution in their fight for equal rights and freedom and the beginning of reconciliation. The change of equal rights and freedom for Aboriginals was a long and hard process. Indigenous Australians were treated poorly since 1788 settlement with unfair industrial relations processes where they were not awarded equal pay, poor access to housing and reasonable living conditions, and on-going discrimination in Australian society. It has taken many decades for any real change around land rights, discriminatory practices, financial assistance and preservation of cultural heritage to occur. Though many changes in rights and freedoms of aboriginals have been made, there are still many issues unsolved and will be a long time before they do. But so far, compared to a few decades before, Aboriginals have accomplished and gained many rights and freedoms since the British Settlement in 1788.

Philosophy of Education

My philosophy of education is based on the ideas that I have about education that are framing my critical goals as an educator at this moment. As a teacher I believe that it is important to be aware of the individual needs, strengths and abilities of each of my students. With this awareness, I will be able to challenge each student in what Vygotsky calls their â€Å"zone of proximal development. † At the same time, I will use this information to help build the self-esteem of each child, by creating experiences in which he or she will be successful while growing as a learner. Further, I believe that as a teacher I should focus on the whole child and not just teaching a particular subject matter. As a result I do believe that I should divorce their academic lives from their personal lives. Therefore I will utilize methods and strategies that caters to the child’s interpersonal, social and emotional needs. As a teacher at the elementary level I recognize that I should strive to help my students make interdisciplinary connections. Not only should the various subject areas be connected, but also what the child learns in school must have some relevance or importance in the child's experience of the world. One of my primary goals as a teacher is making sure that students are questioning the phenomena in their worlds, and learning to analyze and think critically about their worlds. This goal holds important for any discipline area, be it science, math, social studies or language. I will strive to create a safe classroom environment which is conducive to learning, where students may take risks and be supported by their peers and teacher. I will also strive to At the same time, it is my responsibility to ensure that my lessons are not limited to the child's direct experience but is striving to give each child a broader global view. In addition I see multiculturalism, as a process that consumes the classroom and should be embraced by the teacher. Rather than simply being an additive item in the classroom, multiculturalism should consist of critical and analytical thinking and building multiple perspectives on the worlds. Finally, children need to be active and involved in the classroom, instead of being passive receptacles of knowledge. They should be constructing knowledge and involved in activities that engage all of their senses and modalities. Therefore, in my planning I try to ensure that that lessons are geared at allowing students to take responsibility for their learning. Aha Moment! Throughout the early stages of my teaching practicum experience, all of my assessors kept on singing the same tune; plan more activities for your students; get them involved. Though my lessons were well planned, they lacked student centred activities and as a result I noted that my students seemed very quiet, docile and lacked interest in what I was trying to teach them. Upon reflection of my lessons I realized that I could do much more to make the teaching –learning experience more meaningful and fun for the students. I then decided to take a different approach towards my lesson planning. Instead of planning lessons that were teacher centred, I began to make the focus of my lessons be the students; as it rightfully should. From the moment that I began to plan lessons that were more student centred, I noticed a drastic change in my students’ behaviour, demeanour and their general response as the lesson progressed. My first aha moment came during a science lesson on the five senses. Throughout that lesson, from start to finish the students were actively engaged in building their own knowledge (add something about schemas here) The students were excited, energetic, they came alive and were very eager to learn more about the topic. After the lesson was finished the students wanted to know when the next science class was going to be and what they would be doing. It was then that I realized that I had the students where I wanted them to be; captivated and engrossed in what was happening in and around the classroom. It was as if all of their senses had been awakened to the teaching-learning experience. Through my ‘aha’ moments I was reminded of the old adage which says we remember 10% of what we hear, 15% of what we see, 20% of what we both see and hear, 40% of what we discuss with others, 80% of what we experience directly and 90% of what we attempt to teach others. Philosophy of Education My philosophy of education is based on the ideas that I have about education that are framing my critical goals as an educator at this moment. As a teacher I believe that it is important to be aware of the individual needs, strengths and abilities of each of my students. With this awareness, I will be able to challenge each student in what Vygotsky calls their â€Å"zone of proximal development. † At the same time, I will use this information to help build the self-esteem of each child, by creating experiences in which he or she will be successful while growing as a learner. Further, I believe that as a teacher I should focus on the whole child and not just teaching a particular subject matter. As a result I do believe that I should divorce their academic lives from their personal lives. Therefore I will utilize methods and strategies that caters to the child’s interpersonal, social and emotional needs. As a teacher at the elementary level I recognize that I should strive to help my students make interdisciplinary connections. Not only should the various subject areas be connected, but also what the child learns in school must have some relevance or importance in the child's experience of the world. One of my primary goals as a teacher is making sure that students are questioning the phenomena in their worlds, and learning to analyze and think critically about their worlds. This goal holds important for any discipline area, be it science, math, social studies or language. I will strive to create a safe classroom environment which is conducive to learning, where students may take risks and be supported by their peers and teacher. I will also strive to At the same time, it is my responsibility to ensure that my lessons are not limited to the child's direct experience but is striving to give each child a broader global view. In addition I see multiculturalism, as a process that consumes the classroom and should be embraced by the teacher. Rather than simply being an additive item in the classroom, multiculturalism should consist of critical and analytical thinking and building multiple perspectives on the worlds. Finally, children need to be active and involved in the classroom, instead of being passive receptacles of knowledge. They should be constructing knowledge and involved in activities that engage all of their senses and modalities. Therefore, in my planning I try to ensure that that lessons are geared at allowing students to take responsibility for their learning. Aha Moment! Throughout the early stages of my teaching practicum experience, all of my assessors kept on singing the same tune; plan more activities for your students; get them involved. Though my lessons were well planned, they lacked student centred activities and as a result I noted that my students seemed very quiet, docile and lacked interest in what I was trying to teach them. Upon reflection of my lessons I realized that I could do much more to make the teaching –learning experience more meaningful and fun for the students. I then decided to take a different approach towards my lesson planning. Instead of planning lessons that were teacher centred, I began to make the focus of my lessons be the students; as it rightfully should. From the moment that I began to plan lessons that were more student centred, I noticed a drastic change in my students’ behaviour, demeanour and their general response as the lesson progressed. My first aha moment came during a science lesson on the five senses. Throughout that lesson, from start to finish the students were actively engaged in building their own knowledge (add something about schemas here) The students were excited, energetic, they came alive and were very eager to learn more about the topic. After the lesson was finished the students wanted to know when the next science class was going to be and what they would be doing. It was then that I realized that I had the students where I wanted them to be; captivated and engrossed in what was happening in and around the classroom. It was as if all of their senses had been awakened to the teaching-learning experience. Through my ‘aha’ moments I was reminded of the old adage which says we remember 10% of what we hear, 15% of what we see, 20% of what we both see and hear, 40% of what we discuss with others, 80% of what we experience directly and 90% of what we attempt to teach others.

INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE essay

INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE essay INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE essay INFORMATION NETWORKS AND BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE essayLeadership skills are very important for the successful professional development and effective performance as the leader of an organization or a team. At the same time, successful performance of managers requires diverse managerial skills in a combination with managerial ones. Such a combination allows maximizing the effectiveness of the manager’s performance. Project managers should be particularly concerned with the effectiveness of their performance management that means that they should have well-developed managerial and leadership skills. At this point, it is possible to refer to the project management skills successful project managers need developed by Wu, who conducted the extensive research in the field of management to assess basic skills which are essential for successful managers.First, a successful project manager should be knowledgeable about technology. Basically, I have a good knowledge of technology and I wou ld assess my proficiency in this field at the medium level and I would grade my knowledge of technology as 7. I can use technologies available to project managers at the moment and apply them in projects. However, I may face difficulties while using a new technology.As for my ability to recognize what I do not know, I would grade it as 8. This ability is quite important but not determinant for a successful project management. The identification of what I do not know helps me to determine the way for my further professional development. The identification of persisting gaps helps me to close them as they keep working on my professional development. My focus on issues that I do not know helps me to keep progressing.Furthermore, experienced in management generally that means the ability to handle regular administrative responsibilities is very important. In this regard, I am quite proficient. At the moment I believe that my ability is basically average since I need to expand my profess ional experience in the development of my managerial skills. The acquisition of project management skills will help me to become a successful manager. However, the acquisition of the new experience contributes to the further professional progress and helps me to enhance my professional performance.Leadership skills are crucial for the successful performance of project managers. In this regard, I have quite well-developed leadership skills. At the moment, I can perform functions of the leader. In fact, I have already had the experience of leadership, when I headed a project team twice. In such a way, I have expanded my leadership skills that are very helpful in terms of the development of effective project management skills.Organizational and political skills are basically equally important like leadership skills. I have well-developed organizational skills but I believe I have less-developed organizational and political skills compared to my leadership skills. This is why the develo pment of my organizational skills is one of my priorities because I can develop my organizational skills to become more effective organizational skills.Communication skills are important for the effective project manager but my communication skills are under-developed at the moment. This is why I am working to enhance my communication skills which help me to communicate successfully with my subordinates and colleagues as well as other stakeholders in the course of the project manager.At the same time, a good project manager should have not only well-developed managerial or leadership skills but also personal traits which may help one to be a successful project manager. Wu distinguishes the following personal traits as key personal traits required for the project manager, including honesty which is particularly well-developed for me; positive outlook, which I have also quite well-developed; and perception/insight, which I have to enhance at the moment. These personal traits are impor tant for my professional development and for my work as a project manager to perform successfully.Thus, the successful project manager should match basic managerial and leadership skills. In addition, project managers need to have well-developed personal traits which may help to perform successfully, such as honesty, positive outlook and perception/insight. These skills are very important for the enhancement of the performance of a project manager. In such a way, focusing on the development of skills defined by Wu.

Meaning of Instrumental Variables (IV) in Econometrics

Meaning of Instrumental Variables (IV) in Econometrics In the fields of statistics and econometrics, the term instrumental variables  can refer to either of two definitions. Instrumental variables can refer to: An estimation technique (often abbreviated as IV)The exogenous variables used in the IV estimation technique As a method of estimation, instrumental variables (IV) are used in many economic applications often when a controlled experiment to test the existence of a causal relationship is not feasible and  some correlation between the original explanatory variables and the error term is suspected. When the explanatory variables correlate or show some form of dependence with the error terms in a regression relationship, instrumental variables can provide a consistent estimation. The theory of instrumental variables was first introduced by Philip G. Wright in his 1928 publication titled  The Tariff on Animal and Vegetable Oils but has since evolved in its applications in economics. When Instrumental Variables Are Used There are several circumstances under which explanatory variables show a correlation with the error terms and an instrumental variable may be used. First, the dependent variables may actually cause one of the explanatory variables (also known as the covariates). Or, relevant explanatory variables are simply omitted or overlooked in the model. It may even be that the explanatory variables suffered some error of measurement. The problem with any of these situations is that the traditional linear regression that might normally be employed in the analysis may produce inconsistent or biased estimates, which is where instrumental variables (IV) would then be used and the second definition of instrumental variables becomes more important. In addition to being the name of the method, instrumental variables are also the very variables used to obtain consistent  estimates using this method. They are exogenous, meaning that they exist outside of the explanatory equation, but as instrumental variables, they are correlated with the equations endogenous variables. Beyond this definition, there is one other primary requirement for using an instrumental variable in a linear model: the instrumental variable must not be correlated with the error term of the explanatory equation. That is to say that the instrumental variable cannot pose the same issue as the original variable for which it is attempting to resolve. Instrumental Variables in Econometrics Terms For a deeper understanding of instrumental variables, lets review an example.  Suppose one has a model: y Xb e Here y is a T x 1 vector of dependent variables, X is a T x k matrix of independent variables, b is a k x 1 vector of parameters to estimate, and e is a k x 1 vector of errors. OLS can be imagined, but suppose in the environment being modeled that the matrix of independent variables X may be correlated to the es. Then using a T x k matrix of independent variables Z, correlated to the Xs but uncorrelated to the es one can construct an IV estimator that will be consistent: bIV (ZX)-1Zy The two-stage least squares estimator is an important extension of this idea. In that discussion above, the exogenous variables Z are called instrumental variables and the instruments (ZZ)-1(ZX) are estimates of the part of X that is not correlated to the es.

System Analysis and Design Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

System Analysis and Design - Assignment Example Additionally, in terms of their real-world modeling, the system models the real world to a complete fashion compared to the traditional technique. The objects are categorized into object’s classes and the objects are associated with the behavior, this is because it is not based on processing and data but rather on objects. The object-oriented method is more reliable compared to the traditional system. This is because new behaviors can be developed from the existing projects. This is because the objects can be accessed and called dynamically. The object-oriented approach has high code reusability. After creating new objects, the project will automatically update the data characteristics and attributes of the previous project. There will also be data inheritance from the super classes that participated. When users create a new widget, the created project will behave â€Å"witty†. The analyst needs to start learning object-oriented techniques first. Learning the technique first will expose the analyst to promote greater maintainability and flexibility in the field of analysis. The technology has also proven to be popular in almost every field of software development. There the analysts need to have a basic understanding of the technology paradigm in order to develop sustainable software solutions. Therefore, the analyst needs to start learning the object-oriented techniques (Rosenblatt, 240). In the field, the analyst will be required to describe the functionality of the object-oriented system, and how the object-oriented system should be developed in ways that are conducive to flexibility and maintainability. Here, the analyst will be guided through using case survey, creating UML diagrams, applying high cohesion and low coupling, and produce codes from the design, and later understand time for creating design artifacts and analysis.

The four parts of the S.A.R.A. problem-solving process Essay

The four parts of the S.A.R.A. problem-solving process - Essay Example Analysis is the use of different informational sources to find out the cause of a problem, the responsible parties for it, the entities that are affected, the location of the problem, it’s time of occurrence, and the form it takes. It requires identification of the patterns which describe the conditions facilitating the problem. Response means the execution of actions that not only address the problem analysis phase’s most important findings but also address at least two of these; deflecting offenders to prevent occurrences of problem again, safeguarding the likely victims, and reducing the tendency of crime locations to be problematic. Assessment means gauging the responses’ impact on the targeted crime problem by use of the collected information from different sources before as well as after their implementation. An example of its use by an officer is when a problem like a murder needs to be investigated in a neighborhood. The S.A.R.A. model helps the officer identify the problem’s cause, its stakeholders, effectively respond to it, and assessing its impacts to ensure it does not happen

Seperate paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Seperate paper - Essay Example time, 14-year old students who eat French Fries three times per week will gain at least two more pounds than students who eat French Fries twice a week. The 14-year old students in this experiment are samples. Objective of the experiment is to achieve the inferences for the entire population based on analysis of data received upon conducting experiments with the samples. The first task is to determine the number of samples required to conduct the experiment. This depends on the task of the experiment. The task of the experiment is to establish a relationship between body weight calories intake from French fries during a fixed period of time. This can be expressed in the mathematical form as; Body weight = Æ’ (Calorie from French fries). Thus, three basic parameters for this experiment are; Body weight, Calories, and Time. If, Y = Body weight, X = Calorie, and t = time; then the function is Y t = Æ’ (X) while â€Å"t† is fixed. 14-year boys are samples of this experiment. Each sample is considered as a member of the population. In this experiment, individual member of the population is considered identical. Since individual members of the population are identical, then characteristics of the population can be derived based on one specimen. We have selected eight specimens from the following ethnic groups; White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. Specimen from each ethnic group was selected using probability sampling out of 50 samples from each ethnic group. In selecting specimens, initial weights and heights of the specimens were not taken into considerations. Nevertheless, for all specimens both parameters were within very close ranges. We divided each 4 samples in two groups: group A, and group B. Each sample group consisted 14-year boys from ethnics background; White, Black, Hispanic, Asian. We identified that there are two types variables that describe the purpose of the experiment, and verify the result. These variables are; controlled variables, and experimental

Impacts of Poor Teaching Methods

Impacts of Poor Teaching Methods According to Buddha, the mind is everything. What you think you become and therefore in accordance to that statement our mind is responsible for the actions we take. In this case, poor teaching methods have highly affected our mind and our thinking making us feel that we are not good at certain subjects, even making us go as far as hating the subject, whereas all that is required is a different approach. This has in turn affected students action thereby making them shy away from such subjects when it comes to subject choices. According to Aristotle, The one exclusive sign of thorough knowledge is the power of teaching. Ardictionary defines teaching as the activity of educating or instructing activities that impact knowledge or skill. Tutors handling of teaching is very flimsy in various parts of the world and hence poor teaching methods have really affected students thereby giving them a lifelong phobia at certain subjects. Poor teaching methods is affected by many factors such as, Lack of use of modern technology during teaching Lack of effective management of classrooms Personality of teachers. This factor splits into many other factors for example Lack of motivation by teachers The absence of effective individual questioning Lack of use of practical methods to aid the understanding of various topics Absence of standardised testing on each topic Lack of use of added learning time for students who lag behind Non-Student friendly teachers (http://serc.carleton.edu/introgeo/justintime/index.html) LACK OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY In accordance to David Thornburg It is a well known fact that technology improves everyday and in every aspect. Poor teaching methods are highly influenced by the use of ancient material and beliefs for teaching, for example the use of chalkboards and the writing down of long notes takes students time and leaves very little or no time for learning and understanding what is actually been taught. White board should be used instead of chalkboards in schools, also projectors and interactive boards should also be taken into consideration in helping the teachers present their notes in digital form and also to play relevant videos and illustrations to students allowing them to have a clearer view of what is being taught. The writing of notes can now be reduced if copies of notes are collected with the use of a storage device from the teacher and put into personal laptops of students. Once the copy of the note is given to each student, there will be room for more time for the explanation of topics being taught because students take a lot of time copying their notes which makes them tired and even discouraged to read back the lengthy note back because they dont have a good understanding of what has been written in the note. The use of the Chinese abacus would also help young students during get a clearer view of what arithmetic is like. The use of the internet should also be brought into consideration as a source of help to teachers and students thereby ensuring them not to be limited to knowing just what has been known for a very long period of time and leaving both the students and teachers outdated. Modifications are made to various subjects and the internet can be a source of information for educators and students therefore the internet would allow everyone to improve and gain more knowledge on various topics. (The new basics: education and the future of work in the Telematic Age by David Thornburg) LACK OF EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF CLASSROOMS Classrooms are very important when it comes to learning, a standard class would be of great help to both the students and their tutors. A teacher has to have rules and regulations given to the students thereby ensuring that there is a standard policy and a certain order in the classroom. The appraisal of pupils work and the provision of sufficient feedback to students will turn out to be more knotty due to the large number of pupils. The overcrowded classrooms also causes shortage of sufficient instructional equipments, high pupil to teacher ratio also reduces possibilities of individual attention to the pupils. Only the students who sit down at the front rows of the classrooms gain from what the teacher is actually trying to pass across to the students. Congested classes are also not conducive for learning because of the stuffy surrounding and make students start sweating which makes them stressed out so easily which is actually very harmful to the health and can actually lead to th e easy transfer of airborne diseases between students. A standard classroom has to be well spaced, well aired, and beautified with different academic illustrations such as the multiplication table of numbers, if a multiplication table is part of the illustrations pasted on the walls of a classroom, it will abet learning due to the frequent sighting of it. Hence, the students would remember it well after several memorisations and will not forget easily.(Patricia Williams, Robert D. Alley, Kenneth T. Henson.1999. Managing secondary classrooms: principles and strategies for effective management and instruction Managing secondary classrooms: principles and strategies for effective management and instruction.) THE USE OF INEXPERIENCED AND UNQUALIFIED TEACHERS The use of inexperienced and unqualified teachers in teaching various subjects causes great harm to the students and greatly affects students subject choices. There are teachers without the appropriate teaching certificates. The academic background of these teachers is feeble, some of the educators teach mathematics and many are untrained, these teachers use poor teaching techniques and they lack assistance in form of constant professional development through seminars, workshops, and refresher courses. These teachers go ahead to teach students at young ages knowing that there are some subjects that require experts in the field for a better understanding of those technical subjects. For example, mathematics, if those teachers without the appropriate knowledge of teaching teach mathematics, there would a high tendency of students having very poor foundation at such a technical subject like mathematics. Such students can end up having a phobia for mathematics and end up dropping the sub ject after the completion of the secondary education. Therefore, the solution to these is by getting teachers with the appropriate teaching certificates to these subjects and these will improve the general performance of students at Ordinary level examinations particularly on subjects like mathematics and English. Non-student friendly teachers also cause great harm to some students by putting fear in the students mind. Lack of motivation by teachers also falls under examples of poor teaching methods. There are certain teachers who dont care about the intellectual feelings of students, they just teach reluctantly and leave the class meanwhile there are certain students who already have a phobia for the subject and what is just needed is motivation which they dont get really from their tutors. Teachers should be of help at motivating students, encouraging and inspiring the students to make them get up and move on. There are also cases whereby students get frustrated at the subjects been taught, instances like that are also resolved by the assistance of these motivational and inspiring teachers. The use of jokes during teaching also aids learning, this makes the students really like the teacher and makes the class lively, and there is this belief that if a student likes a teacher, he will definit ely love his subject. (David Kember and Anthony Wong 2000) According to General Ruben Cubero, the absence of individual questioning is also a factor that affects the overall performance of students. Teachers who do not carry all the students along during lectures tend to be ignorant of students who do not learn easily. Therefore, teachers have to be at the same pace with every student been taught and not leaving any student behind. A suitable solution to these is by the frequent questioning of students when new topics are been taught to know the weakness of students especially the quiet ones and to know the students who have paid total attention throughout the lesson. This also makes the class very lively and encourages the students to do private study at their leisure time. This factor would also help the teacher in knowing some topics he needs to go back and give a different approach when next he is teaching that particular topic. The use of added learning time should also be a necessity to help students who lag behind, or students who nee d extra lessons for effective understanding of topics. If a teacher uses part of his leisure time to gather some weak students together there would be a general improvement in those students performance. These students would therefore put more interest and hence there would be a high tendency of getting better grades in the subject. (General Ruben Cubero, Dean of the Faculty, United States Air Force Academy.) In addition lack of use of practical has also affected students in understanding what has been taught because they are certain subjects that require the use of practical to have a better understanding of the subject. The use of practical and application of the topics to the everyday day life would give students an idea or a clearer picture of what the teacher is explaining (David Kember and Anthony Wong 2000) The absence of study groups also affects the attitude of students towards the understanding of several topics. Students will not be able to interact among themselves and share different opinions but if the teachers put the students into study groups mixing both the weak and smart students together. There will be interaction and discussion between students in a group about their different weak points and the ones who understand a particular topic very well will help those that are still weak in those topics. For instance, when the use of study group was introduced in Chrisland college idimu by Principal T.O Malaka, there was a general improvement of every students performance that particular when all the students made a minimum of a credit in each subject at the 2009 West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE). (www.chrislandschools.org) All the points that are been listed earlier are the main causes of mathematics phobia and lead to the negative attitude of students towards mathematics. A look at the 2009 West African Senior Secondary Certificate Examination (WASSCE) result of candidates in Nigeria proved that they are more students that fail mathematics than those that actually pass them. The result clearly stated that only 25.99% of all the candidates obtained a minimum of credits in both mathematics and English. (http://thenationonlineng.net) THE NEGATIVE ATTITUDE OF STUDENTS TOWARDS MATHEMATICS According to H.J.S Smith, a popular mathematician he stated that poor teaching leads to the inevitable idea that mathematics is only adapted to peculiar mind, when it is the one universal science, and the one whose ground rules are taught almost in infancy and reappear in the motions of the universe. Mathematics has a tarnished and flawed reputation among students. It is believed that mathematics is murky, obscure, vague and very difficult to understand and only known by specific people which is very wrong, once there is a change of attitude of student and all those poor teaching methods are corrected, there would be an overall improvement in mathematics result. The teachers have scrawny academic backgrounds on the mathematics content to deliver. Their own manner to mathematics also contributes to their inability to egg on the pupils to study mathematics. The teaching techniques that are used remain principally the traditional talk and chalk mode of delivery. These educators are unde r pressure to facilitate their students pass examinations, and therefore, they are forced to water down the implemented curriculum. This has in turn let to the poor performance of students. If an analyst asks a mathematics professor if he possesses a special brain, he just laughs and it will turn out that he had come across a motivator that was responsible in helping him discover the true beauty of mathematics. Therefore, in conclusion to these saying once a student has a good foundation at a subject he will definitely have a passion for the subject and give his best shot to the subject. According to Plutarch a Greek biographer and essayist, he stated, the mind is not a vessel to be filled. It is a fire to be rekindled the jaundiced attitude of students towards mathematics is highly exacerbated by the method in which it was been taught. These teaching strategies have also relied on the behaviourist model of learning, a paradigm that stresses learning by repetition and memorisation. Teachers should therefore replace the behaviourist paradigms with strategies based on other progressive and improved methods of learning which would be of very great help to student at their ages and which will remove any fear, change the attitude, and bring confidence to students in doing the subject after the completion of secondary education.

Racism: A Historical and Social Construct in America Essay -- racism,

Racism, will it ever end? The answer is probably not. The United States of America was set up on the basis of race. Even many years ago European settlers looked down upon the Native Americans as inferior. Years later in today’s modern society, racism still exists, although we may not fully realize it. Many people are not aware of how much racism still exists in our schools workforces, and anywhere else where social lives are occurring. Using our sociological imagination, we are capable of applying the role of race to any situation. However, in some situations, race does not play a covert role; it plays a crucial and obvious role. In â€Å"Film Shows Students Battle Racism for Mixed Prom†, Michelle Nichols stated, â€Å"As Barack Obama campaigned to become the first black U.S. President, teenagers in the small Mississippi hometown of Hollywood star Morgan Freeman battled racism to hold their high school’s first integrated prom.† The assumption that racism n o longer exists is false. Racism still exists to the highest degree. Even in the 21st century, prom -- an annual dance for graduating students, is divided and integrated for black and white students at Charleston high school. It’s always about race. Why is racism still rampant in American society? The reason is that even though race is not founded through science, this institution of American society is simply an obsolete combination of historical, social, and cultural construction. It is highly believed by individuals that discrimination in the U.S. has dramatically changed since the 1900s. Blacks were once discriminated against via Jim Crow laws. Today, black Americans have gained the right to eat at public lunch counters, vote, ride public buses, and attend public schools. While the... ...ut hope will happen sometime in our lifetime. Nakashima, Cynthia L. â€Å"Servants of Culture: The Symbolic Role of Mixed-Race in American Discourse,† Pp.35-57 in The Sum of Our Parts: Mixed Heritage. Ed. Teresa Williams-Leà ³n and Cynthia L. Nakashima. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2001. "Racial Clash In Texas" CBS Online. July 22. 2009 Web. 4 June 2015. http://aishamusic.com/Judiciary_Report/racial_clash_in_texas.htm Jane Elliott "Blue Eyes Brown Eyes" Web. 4 June 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uQAmdZvKf6M Pounder, C. et.al. "Race: the Power of An Illusion" Corporation for Public Broadcasting,. (2003). San Francisco, Calif. Web. 4 June 2015. http://www.pbs.org/race/000_General/000_00-Home.htm Shelby Steele â€Å"Jefferson’s Blood†, Transcript Web. 4 June 2015. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/jefferson/etc/script.html

Nestle Philippines Essay

I. INTRODUCTION Nestlà © Philippines, Inc. (NPI) is a leading manufacturer of food and beverage in the Philippines. It was established in the country in the early 1930s, initially as a trading company. By the year 1962, it formed a joint venture with San Miguel Corporation (SMC), a company specializing in brewing with extensive interests in agribusiness and food products. In 1996, San Miguel’s Magnolia Foods Division had been merged with Nestlà ©. It produced and sold products like Magnolia ice creams and tetra pack juices, Bear Brand and Carnation condensed milk, Bertolli pastas and tomato sauce, Maggi seasonings, pasta and mayonnaise, and Smarties candies. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Instant Drink Division produced and sold Nescafà ©, Nestea, Milo, Coffee Mate and Milkmaid powdered milk. Nestlà © Philippines is ranked number 10 among Nestlà © subsidiaries worldwide and number 3 in Asia-Pacific, behind Japan and Australia. Nestlà © is the only foreign-owned coffee producer in the Philippines. Nescafà © –already a household name in the Philippines needs to respond to major changes in the environment. Competing brands like Great Taste and Nescafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s nearest competitor, Blend 45 already reduced or are planning to reduce their prices. There are also major changes in Government Regulation, Imports and Market Entry resulting to the potential entry of foreign brands like Kraft General Foods’s Maxwell House and Procter & Gamble’s Folgers Coffee. The company needs to decide whether it should import Arabica beans for blending Master Roaster coffee, change the composition of Nescafà © by importing Arabica beans to the same composition as those sold abroad, and whether it should continue producing Taster’s Choice which are made from Philippine-grown Robusta and Imported Arabica. II. STATEMENT OF FACTS Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Instant Drink Division contributes 75% of the company’s total sales; Nescafà © contributes 53% of the department sales. In 1996, Nescafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s market share increased from 52% to 66%. Nestlà © have 40 independently-owned warehouses located throughout the Philippines. These warehouses, along with 200 salespersons cater 20,000 dealers who had accounts with Nestlà ©, with direct access for orders and credit lines. The company’s production facilities however are already strained to the limit. The company spent 5%  of sales on advertising and promotion of Nescafà © which includes decorative streamers and raffle draws. The company also offered volume â€Å"bonus discounts†. According to market research, the bonus promotions are Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s most effective promotional offering. However, Nestlà © doesn’t buy shelf space, which is a common practice in the Philippines and other Asian countries. Instead it prefers rental of special display space for promotion, which is considered as the most expensive real estate in the Philippines. There is a significant increase in the number of households that purchased coffee within two weeks, from 67% in 1974, to 96% in 1995. This is due to the relatively high usage of 1.7 gram foil packs in the Philippines. These 1.7 gram individual packs contribute 8% of Nescafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s sales. Coffee is typically drunk with sugar and without milk or non-dairy whiteners. However, there is a 350% increase in the use of such whiteners over the past decade. The Carnation brand which produces whiteners, condensed milk and powdered milk is owned by Nestlà ©. One of the reasons behind the rapid increase in volume and market share is the fall of green coffee bean prices both in the world market and Philippines. The price of green coffee beans, where Nestlà © sourced all its coffee fell by 50%; these beans comprised about 30% of the delivery costs. Nestlà © and other producers are able to lower their prices because of the savings. Another reason is the introduction of cheaper packaging. Bottles make up 30% of the total cost. Hence, coffee sold on bottles are more expensive at PHP 26.25 for a 50-gram pack while those in foil packaging are sold only at PHP 20.45. Research by Nestlà © shows that its market share is highest in small stores located in large cities. Conversely, among small stores, its market share is highest outside big cities. People outside big cities prefer to shop in sari-sari stores. The prices of commodities sold in sari-sari stores are 15% higher than in supermarkets outside big cities and 20% higher than those in big cities. Over the past decade, other producers, who sold their coffee 10% below the price of Nescafà ©, entered the market. Nescafà © gradually lost market share from 75% in 1965, to 60% in 1975, and finally, 55% in 1985. However, there was a decline in coffee prices in the 1980s, giving Nestlà © a window to reduce its prices to within 5% of its competitors and still preserve its margins. Other major producers of coffee in the Philippines include: Blend 45 which has 15% market share in 1996, Great Taste with 10% market share, Kafe de Oro with 6%  market share and Cafà © Filipino which has 3% market share. The Gokongwei Group’s Blend 45 employs a cheaper blend of coffee and carbohydrates. In 1996, they dropped the price of Blend 45. They are sold 28% below Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s price and 20% below most of the other brands sold in the market. So far the price increase made no significant effect yet on the market share of Nescafà ©. Prior to 1996, the import of coffee beans, either unprocessed or processed is prohibited. All of the coffee sold within the Philippines had to be produced within the country. The quality of Robusta beans grown in the country was of international quality. On the other hand, the quality of Arabica beans was of inferior quality. Consequently, Nestlà © used 100% Robusta unlike those processed in the U.S. or Europe which are blends. Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Master Roaster coffee is made from locally grown Robusta and Arabica beans. Taster’s Choice, on the other hand is made from locally grown Robusta and imported Arabica. In 1996, the Philippine Government committed under GATT and WTO to remove import prohibitions on agricultural products. Hence, a Minimum Access Volume (MAV) was set. Impor ts of green and roasted beans and packaged products are charged a tariff of 30% while those outside the MAV are charged 100%. The government, however committed to increase the MAV and reduce the tariff in imports both within the MAV and outside it. Nestlà © is facing the threat of importers, both from the U.S. and regional coffee producers. One of which is Indonesia’s Indocafà © which already begun production in Malaysia and exporting to Vietnam and is rumored to invest in China and export to the Philippines. Indocafà © is sold 10% below the price of Nescafà © in both markets. It has backward integration with its own coffee plantations so it was buffered from price swings. Another possible importer is Singapore’s Supermix who pioneered in individual â€Å"3-in-1† packs within Singapore and in other nearby countries. In the 1990s, the Philippine Government liberalized regulations on Foreign Direct Investments. Prior to that, investments with sales direct to domestic market had to be 40% Filipino-owned. In 1992, the government allowed 100% foreign ownership in most industries. As a result, Kraft General Foods which had substantial production operations in the Philippines is rumored to produce Maxwell House within the country. Procter & Gamble which also had substantial production in the Philippines also announced that it would produce Folgers Coffee in the country. IV. ALTERNATIVE COURSES OF ACTION One of the possible alternative courses of action is to increase the production capacity of Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s facilities. Upgrading the capacity would enable Nestlà © to experiment on product development without the possible reduction of Nescafà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s already established market share. However, the upgrade would require $3 million worth of investments. Another possible option is to focus substantial amount of investment for the marketing and sales of Master Roaster coffee which is currently made up of locally produced Robusta and Arabica. Nestlà © could either import Arabica beans to improve the taste of Master Roaster, which is now possible due to the major changes in import regulation. The brand would cater Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s high-end consumers. However, it would reduce the company’s current production capacity of the current blends. Lastly, Nestlà © could modify the Nescafà © and use imported Arabica and locally produced Robusta to copy the foreign blend. This would make Nescafà © a high-end product which could match imported brands. Again, this is possible because of the favorable changes in import regulation. However, this modification might result in Nescafà © losing significant amount of market share and household penetration. V. CONCLUSION To react to the major changes in the environment, Nestlà © should lower the price of Nescafà © closer to its competitors. According to research, there is a direct relationship between coffee prices and household penetration.  Hence, the price reduction would make the product even more accessible to the masses. In return, the company would gain even higher market share. In response to the threats of the entry of imported brands in the country, Nestlà © should continue producing Taster’s Choice and discontinue the unsuccessful Master Roaster. Taster’s Choice would both accommodate a separate market segment and the increasing â€Å"import mentality† of Filipinos. Importation of either Arabica beans or finished product is possible because of the changes in import regulation. Lastly, Nestlà © should consider buying shelf spaces. Besides the fact that it is a proven and common practice not only in the Philippines but also in other Asian countries, it is more econ omical than renting special display spaces. Nonetheless, Nestlà © should only lessen, not stop renting special display spaces. VI. CHANGE MANAGEMENT In order to sustain the changes made, Nestlà © should explore the use even cheaper packaging materials. The savings, in turn would enable the company to reduce the prices of Nescafà ©. The company should also actively promote its 1.7 gram individual packs and â€Å"3-in-1† packs. This would result to the brand gaining more market penetration, translating to a better market position. It should also aggressively promote both Nescafà © and Taster’s Choice which satisfies different market segments. VII. RECOMMENDATION Nestlà © should engage in more product development activities, like for example new flavors of coffee. Considering it is a multinational company, it will have the advantage of increased awareness in the current trends abroad. A development in the existing product lines would not only generate more market shares but also create new market segments. Filipinos would accept the idea of these improvements because of their import mentality. However, there should be enough market research regarding such improvements to make sure they are feasible in the Philippine setting. Also, Nestlà © should capitalize on its strength of having close relationships with its farmers. It should procure its raw materials in a manner that would benefit farmers. There should be more capacity building trainings among its coffee suppliers in order to promote increased productivity.